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The Atlantic bluefin tuna (''Thunnus thynnus'') is a species of tuna in the Scombridae family. It is variously known as the northern bluefin tuna (mainly when including Pacific bluefin as a subspecies), giant bluefin tuna (for individuals exceeding 150 kilograms or around 330 pounds) and formerly as the tunny. Atlantic bluefin are native to both the western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Mediterranean Sea. Atlantic bluefin have become extinct in the Black Sea. The Atlantic bluefin tuna is a close relative of the other two bluefin tuna species—the Pacific bluefin tuna and the southern bluefin tuna. Atlantic bluefin tuna may exceed in weight, and rival the black marlin, blue marlin and swordfish as the largest Perciformes. Throughout recorded history, the Atlantic bluefin tuna has been highly prized as a food fish. Besides their commercial value as food, the great size, speed, and power they display as apex predators has attracted the admiration of fishermen, writers, and scientists. The Atlantic bluefin tuna has been the foundation of one of the world's most lucrative commercial fisheries. Medium-sized and large individuals are heavily targeted for the Japanese raw fish market, where all bluefin species are highly prized for sushi and sashimi. This commercial importance has led to severe overfishing. The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) affirmed in October 2009 that Atlantic bluefin tuna stocks have declined dramatically over the last 40 years, by 72% in the Eastern Atlantic, and by 82% in the Western Atlantic.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Endangered Atlantic bluefin tuna formally recommended for international trade ban )〕 On 16 October 2009, Monaco formally recommended Endangered Atlantic bluefin tuna for an Appendix I CITES listing and international trade ban. In early 2010, European officials, led by the French ecology minister, increased pressure to ban the commercial fishing of bluefin tuna internationally. European Union nations, who are responsible for most bluefin tuna overfishing, later abstained from voting to protect the species from international trade.〔 〕 Most Bluefin are captured commercially by professional fishermen using longlines, purse seines, assorted hook-and-line gear, heavy rod and reels, and harpoon. Recreationally, bluefin has been one of the most important big-game species sought by sports fishermen since the 1930s, particularly in the United States but also in Canada, Spain, France and Italy. ==Taxonomy== The Atlantic bluefin tuna is most closely related to the Pacific bluefin tuna (''Thunnus orientalis'') and the southern bluefin tuna (''Thunnus maccoyii''), and more distantly to the other large tunas of the genus ''Thunnus'' – the bigeye tuna (''Thunnus obesus'') and the yellowfin tuna (''Thunnus albacares'').〔Collette, B.B. (1999). ''Mackerels, molecules, and morphology.'' In: Proceedings of the 5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference, Noumea. pp. 149–164〕 For many years the Pacific and Atlantic bluefin tuna species were considered to be the same, or subspecies, and referred to as the "northern bluefin tuna".〔 This name occasionally gives rise to some confusion as the longtail tuna (''Thunnus tonggol'') can in Australia sometimes be known under the name "northern bluefin tuna".〔Hutchins, B. & Swainston, R. (1986). ''Sea Fishes of Southern Australia.'' pp. 104 & 141. ISBN 1-86252-661-3〕〔Allen, G. (1999). ''Marine Fishes of Tropical Australia and South-East Asia.'' p. 230. ISBN 0-7309-8363-3〕 This is also true in New Zealand and Fiji. Bluefin tuna were often referred to as the common tunny, especially in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. The name ''tuna'', a derivative of the Spanish ''atún'', was widely adopted in California in the early 1900s and has since become accepted for all tunas, including the bluefin, throughout the English-speaking world. In some languages the red color of the bluefin's meat is included in its name, as in ''atún rojo'' (Spanish) and ''tonno rosso'' (Italian), amongst others. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Atlantic bluefin tuna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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